📚 Main Topics

1. Biological Basis of ADHD

   • ADHD is primarily caused by biological factors, particularly brain development issues.
   • Social influences do not turn a normal child into an ADHD child.

2. Role of Social Factors

   • While social factors do not cause ADHD, they are significant in:
     • Availability of treatment resources.
     • The impairments experienced by the child.
     • Comorbid disorders (e.g., oppositional disorder, anxiety, depression) that may have social contributors.

3. Acquired vs. Genetic ADHD

   • Most ADHD cases are genetic, but some can be acquired, particularly during pregnancy.
   • Acquired cases may arise from trauma, infections, or environmental factors (e.g., lead poisoning, treatment for leukemia).

4. Brain Regions Involved

   • Key brain areas associated with ADHD include:
     • Right frontal lobe
     • Basal ganglia
     • Cerebellum
     • Anterior cingulate
     • Corpus callosum
   • These areas are interconnected and show structural differences in individuals with ADHD.

5. Genetic Factors

   • ADHD has a strong genetic component, with a high likelihood of occurrence in families.
   • Identical twins have a 78-92% chance of both having ADHD if one is diagnosed.
   • Approximately 80-91% of ADHD symptoms can be attributed to genetic differences.

6. Developmental Delays

   • Studies indicate that the frontal lobe in children with ADHD is about 2-3 years delayed in growth.
   • The motor strip may develop earlier, contributing to hyperactivity.

✨ Key Takeaways

• ADHD is a brain-based disorder with significant genetic influences.
• Social factors, while not causal, play a crucial role in treatment and the child's experience.
• Understanding the biological and genetic underpinnings of ADHD can help in managing the disorder effectively.

🧠 Lessons

• Families should be aware that ADHD is not caused by parenting or social environment but is rooted in biological and genetic factors.
• Early intervention and understanding of the disorder can lead to better management strategies.
• Awareness of the familial nature of ADHD can prompt screening and support for family members who may also be affected.